CANADA

Post-Cold War

1990s

A - C

Archdeacon, Maurice. "The Heritage Front Affair." Intelligence and National Security 11, no. 2 (Apr. 1996): 306-312.

This article takes issue with Reg Whitaker's argument in "The 'Bristow Affair': A Crisis of Accountability in Canadian Security Intelligence," Intelligence and National Security 11, no. 2 (Apr. 1996): 279-305. The "Heritage Front Affair" or "Bristow Affair" broke in 1994 when it was reported that a paid source (Grant Bristow) for the CSIS was operatng inside an extreme neo-Nazi racist organization known as the Heritage Front. See also, Canada, Security Intelligence Review Committee, The Heritage Front Affair: Report to the Solicitor General of Canada (Ottawa: 1994).

Atkey, Ronald G.

1. "International Terrorism: The Canadian Response." In Cambridge Lectures, ed. Frank E. McArdle, 177-183. Cowansville, Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blais, 1991.

2. "Reconciling Freedom of Expression and National Security." University of Toronto Law Journal 41 (1991): 38-59.

BBC. "Secret Service Plans Stolen By Addicts." 13 Nov. 1999. [http://news.bbc.co.uk]

The Canadian secret service is investigating the theft of a briefcase containing "a top-secret document believed to outline intelligence operations for the coming year.... Officials have played down the threat posed to security, but the ... incident is believed to have strained relations between the Canadian secret service and its counterparts around the world."

Bickford, Rodney R. [LT/Canadian Navy] "Canadian Undersea Surveillance." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 121, no. 3 (Mar. 1995): 70-71.

The author describes Canadian participation in SOSUS/IUSS and points to increased involvement in undersea surveillance in a post-Cold War era marked by U.S. cutbacks in the area.

Brander, James A. "The Economics of Economic Intelligence." In Economic Intelligence and National Security, ed. Evan H. Potter, 197-217. Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1998.

Canada. Canadian Security Intelligence Service. CSIS Annual Public Report. Accessable from 1991 report to present at: http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/pblctns/nnlrprt/index-eng.asp.

"The CSIS Public Report is an annual report that is submitted to Parliament, and discusses Canada's security environment and CSIS's national security role. The aim of these reports is to inform Parliament and the Canadian public about CSIS's mandate and how CSIS safeguards the national security of Canada, with due respect for individual rights and freedoms. The reports also help to dispel many of the popular myths surrounding security intelligence work."

Canada. House of Commons. Special Committee on the Review of the CSIS Act and the Security Offenses Act. In Flux but Not in Crisis: Report of the Special Committee on the Review of the CSIS Act and the Security Offenses Act. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1990.

Clark comment: This is the report of the committee established to review the CSIS Act after it had been in effect for five years. Whitaker, I&NS 7.2, finds the report to be "a modest but useful addition to the meagre literature on Canadian security intelligence." Although it makes "a number of valuable suggestions," the report generally "lacks punch" and fails "to develop consistently strong arguments for its position." See the government's response: Canada, Solicitor General, On Course.... (1991).

Canada. Security Intelligence Review Committee. Annual Report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1993. Accessable from 1984-1985 report to present at: http://www.sirc-csars.gc.ca/anrran/index-eng.html.

Whitaker, I&NS 9.3: SIRC "was created in 1984 as an independent agency monitoring and overseeing the activities" of the CSIS. "The impression given by this Report is that of an organization that has become a routinized and fully institutionalized part of the security bureaucracy."

Canada. Security Intelligence Review Committee. The Heritage Front Affair: Report to the Solicitor General of Canada. Ottawa: 1994.

Hannant, I&NS 11.3: This report deals with the CSIS's infiltration of a "racist, right-wing extremist group," the Heritage Front. Central to the discussion is the role of Grant Bristow, a CSIS agent who was also involved in the Reform Party, a newly formed conservative party whose success helped undermine the Conservative government in the 1993 elections. The report "raises significant issues," but is also "frustrating in several respects. It is occasionally poorly written and obscure." See also, Maurice Archdeacon, "The Heritage Front Affair," Intelligence and National Security 11, no. 2 (Apr. 1996): 306-312.

Canada. Solicitor General. On Course: National Security for the 1990s. The Government's Response to the Report of the Special Committee on the Review of the CSIS Act and the Security Offenses Act. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1991.

Clark comment: This is the Canadian government's response to the report of the House of Commons Special Committee on the Review of the CSIS Act and the Security Offenses Act: In Flux but Not in Crisis.... (1990). To Whitaker, I&NS 7.2, it "is a useful kind of fact sheet or primer." It is also "quite formalistic and uncritical," with a "relentlessly upbeat appraisal."

CASIS Intelligence Newsletter. "SIRC: Statement of SIRC Chair to Senate Special Committee." 34 (Winter 1999): 10-11.

SIRC Chair Paule Gauthier told the Special Senate Committee on Security and Intelligence on 1 September 1998 that SIRC's responsibilities are in the area of "review" (after the fact), rather than in "oversight" (day-to-day supervision).

Charters, David A., ed. Democratic Responses to International Terrorism. Ardsley-on- Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1991.

Everett, MI 18.3, calls this book a "cornerstone reference about terrorism.... [Its] focus is Canada.... The chapter on 'Counterterrorism Intelligence' is one of the most useful." According to Robertson, I&NS 10.1, "most of the essays are quite wide-ranging." That, however, occasions "some disappointment," because too many of the essays "contribute little that is new or exciting."

Counterintelligence News and Developments. "Canada's Economic Security Threatened." Jun. 1998. [http://www.nacic.gov]

"A new Canadian study, Economic Intelligence & National Security, released in late April [1998], reports that ... the cost of economic espionage activities to individual firms and the Canadian economy runs into billions of dollars annually. The report also says that Canada, as one of the world's most open and trade-dependent countries, is one of the most vulnerable to penetration by economic spies from the intelligence services of both friends and enemies."

Counterintelligence News and Developments. "Canadian Security Concerns." Sep. 1998. [http://www.nacic.gov]

"The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) recently released documents on economic espionage and computer hacker groups that contain advice on how to prevent commercial and scientific secrets from falling into the wrong hands. The CSIS prefaced its advice by noting that most of the economic intelligence gathered by businesses and governments comes from legal, public sources but that past mistakes have resulted in lost Canadian contracts, jobs, and markets."

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